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Table of Content

      
    16 March 2009
    Volume 47 Issue 03
    无栏目

    Expression of ornithine decarboxylase in gastric carcinoma
    YAN Yunfei， LIU Bin， XU Chunxiao， XIN Jiaxuan， WANG Wei， LIU Xianxi
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2009, 47(03):  1-3. 
    Abstract ( 1012 )   PDF (344KB) ( 254 )   Save
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    To investigate expression of ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) in both mRNA and protein. MethodsWe extracted the total RNA from 21 surgically removed specimens of gastric cancer and normal mucosa close to lesions and conducted the reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction with optimal condition. Semiquantitatively we compared the mRNA expression level of ODC between malignant and normal mucosa. Total protein was extracted from the same 21 surgically removed specimens. Westernblot analysis was used to compare the protein expression level of ODC between cancer lesions and normal mucosa. ResultsmRNA and protein expressions of ODC in lesions of gastric carcinoma were significantly higher than those in contiguous normal mucosa(P<0.01). ConclusionODC greatly influences the genesis and development of gastric cancer and may play a pivotal role in the metastasis and infiltration of cancer.

    Molecular cloning of the human PCAN1 promoter and identification of
    its 5′ regulatory regions

    LIU Wenwen1, ZHANG Ju2, GUAN Hengyun2, ZHANG Pengju2, CHEN Weiwen2, KANG Ludong2,
    HU Xiaoyan2, WU Weifang2, JIANG Anli2

    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2009, 47(03):  4-7. 
    Abstract ( 966 )   PDF (773KB) ( 275 )   Save
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    To analyze the regulatory regions upstream of the human PCAN1 gene, a reporter plasmid containing of a 2.6?kb PCAN1 promoter was constructed by the PCR method, and DNA cisacting elements within this promoter were further identified. MethodsA 2.6?kb fragment upstream of the PCAN1 gene was amplified by PCR using human genomic DNA as a template, and it was then inserted into the upstream of the luciferase reporter gene in pGL3basic vector to generate pGL3p2.6kb. Its promoter activity was determined with dualluciferase reporter assay after it has been transfected into prostate cancer LNCaP cells. A series of 5′ deletion mutantluciferase reporter plasmids derived from pGL3p2.6kb were obtained via Eraseabase System. The mutant plasmids were transfected into the LNCaP cells and the promoter activities were determined by dualluciferase reporter assay. ResultsThe sequence of the 2.6?kb promoter fragment proved to be correct by DNA sequecing. Dualluciferase reporter assay showed that the 2.6?kb fragment presented a significant promoter activity with pRLTK into LNCaP cells. Analysis of the mutants showed that PCAN1 promoter activities increased 2.24fold and 2.53fold after the -1?599?bp to -1?541?bp and -347?bp to -84?bp within the promoter were deleted, while the promoter activity decreased 2.11fold after the -1?541?bp to -1?226?bp was deleted. ConclusionA cloned 2.6?kb fragment upstream of the PCAN1 gene presents strong promoter activity. With deletion analysis two negative and one positive regulatory region were identified within the promoter.

    Activation and significance of NFκB induced by lipopolysaccharide in cultured human corneal fibroblasts

    CHEN Guoling1，2，　　CHEN Shuang3，　LIU Yanli1，　WEI Luwan1, LIU Zhiyu1
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2009, 47(03):  8-11. 
    Abstract ( 1023 )   PDF (512KB) ( 258 )   Save
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    To investigate expressions and significance of nuclear factorkappaB(NFκB) and inhibitor of NFκB (IκB)αinduced by lipopolysaccharide(LPS) in cultured human corneal fibroblasts. MethodsHuman corneal fibroblasts were primarily cultured and identified by the SABC method. Immunocytochemical staining with an antibody against Vimentin was performed to identify these cells. Cells were collected before being challenged with LPS and 1,2,4 and 8h after LPS treated, then protein expressions of NFκBp65 and IκBα were assessed by Western Blot analysis. ResultsCompared with the 0?h group, NFκBp65 level was significantly enhanced in the nucleus of human corneal fibroblasts after LPS challenge of 1 to 8?h(P＜0.01), the peak expression of NFκBp65 was observed at 4?h. However， the protein of the IκBα level was significantly decreased after LPS treatment at each point(P＜0.01). ConclusionThese results suggest that LPS takes part in the degeneration of IκBα and mediates nuclear translocation of NFκB in cultured human corneal fibroblasts in vitro.

    Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide prevents axonal degeneration

    QI Xiaoxia, LI Zhenhua, ZHANG Jing, LIU Wenjing, LU Jing, FANG Peng, Yang Jie， SUN Jinhao

    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2009, 47(03):  12-15. 
    Abstract ( 1068 )   PDF (724KB) ( 358 )   Save
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    To explore the effect of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) in delaying axonal degeneration. MethodsDorsal root ganglion(DRG) cells were isolated from neonate rats and cultured in DMEM/F12 medium, and then treated with vincristine to establish an axonal degeneration model. NAD of different concentrations was added in the culture medium to detect its protective effects. Axonal degeneration was identified by immunocytochemical staining and by MTT analysis, and length and number of DRG cells were determined using the software IPP. ResultsDRG cells treated with vincristine suffered typical axonal degeneration in the distal end of the axon at 8h in vitro. The axon was swollen and disrupted at 12?h. There was no intact axonal structure after a 24?htreatment with vincristine. The end of the axon had normal axonal structure at 12?h in culture, and the axon had light degeneration at 24?h in vitro culture. MTT analysis showed that the experimental groups containing NAD had higher cell survival rates than the injury groups. Axon counting showed that only 35% of axons degenerated in the experimental groups, while only 60% of axons degenerated in the injury groups. ConclusionNAD plays an important role in preventing axonal degeneration.

    Propranolol and prasozin protect rats against stress

    YANG Lejin, LIU Xin, JIANG Hong, FAN Shujuan, LU Yanxia, LIU Meng, PAN Fang

    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2009, 47(03):  16-19. 
    Abstract ( 1063 )   PDF (578KB) ( 298 )   Save
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    To explore the effects of adrenoceptor antagonists, propranolol and prasozin on chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) rats, serum corticosterone (CORT)level and hippocampal inducible nitric oxide synthase level(iNOS) following acute stress. MethodsThirtytwo Wistar male rats were randomly divided into four groups： the control group, the CUMS group, the propranolol group and the prasozin group. The behavior of all rats was determined in an openfield test before and after CUMS. Animals were sacrificed by decapitation 2h after an acute stress of 1.0?mA, 5?s, persisting 60 times. The content of serum CORT was evaluated by cortisol RIA, and iNOS was measured by western blot. ResultsCompared with the controls, the propranolol group exhibited a decreased square crossing number, rearing score and grooming number(P＜0.05) and an increased iNOS level in the hippocampus(P＜0.01). There was no statistical difference between the prasozin group and the control group. Serum corticosterone of the prasozin group was higher than that of the propranolol group(P＜0.05). ConclusionsPrasozin could improve the behavior of CUMS rats and upregulates the CORT level after exposure to acute stress, it also reverses impairment of the hippocampus produced by stress. Although propranolol could alleviate anxiety in stress, it could not reverse the impairment of the hippocampus produced by stress.

    Polypeptide extract from scorpion venom inhibits
    liver metastasis in pancreatic cancer

    CUI Yazhou1, JIA Qing2, WANG Zhaopeng2, WANG Zhaoxia2,
    ZHANG Yueying2, ZHANG Weidong2, HAN Jinxiang1

    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2009, 47(03):  20-22. 
    Abstract ( 1248 )   PDF (409KB) ( 358 )   Save
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    To explore the inhibitory effect of polypeptide extract from scorpion venom (PESV) on liver metastasis in pancreatic cancer. MethodsA subline of human pancreatic cancer cell line MIAPaCa2 (MIAPaCa23) with high liver metastasis potential was selected and injected through the tail vein to establish a pancreatic cancer model in nude mice with high liver metastasis. The capability of invasion in vitro was evaluated by a transwell chamber system. The inhibitory effects of PESV, chemotherapeutic agent gemcitabine, and angiogenesis inhibitor TNP470 on liver metastasis in the pancreatic cancer model were compared. ResultsThe capability of invasion of the MIAPaCa23 cells was significantly decreased by PESV, and liver metastasis was significantly inhibited in nude mice models (7/10) by PESV, which was similar to that in the gemcitabinetreated group (8/10) and higher than that in the TNP470treated group. ConclusionPESV, as a novel angiocytotoxic agent, has an inhibitory effect on liver metastasis in pancreatic cancer.
    Diazoxide and Cyclosporine A inhibits cultured primitive rat basal
    forebrain cholinergic neuron apoptosis induced by Aβ142

    JIANG Liangliang1, FU Qingxi2, WANG Ruixia1, MA Guozhao1,
    GAO Jianxin3, LIU Kejing3, ZHANG Yong1

    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2009, 47(03):  23-29. 
    Abstract ( 1122 )   PDF (705KB) ( 224 )   Save
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    To investigate the effects of diazoxide (ATPsensitive potassium channel opener) and cyclosporine A and their combination on apoptosis induced by betaAmyloid protein (Aβ142) on cultured primitive rat basal forebrain cholinergic neurons. MethodsThe cell apoptosis model was induced by Aβ142(2?μmmol/L), and then 500?μmol/L diazoxide, 20?μmol/L cyclosporine A and their combination were used to interfere with it. Cell morphology was observed by an inverted microscope,changes of cell apoptosis were determined by MTT, and expressions of target proteins (bcl2, bax, cytochrome C, caspasce3 and Cleaved Caspase3) were determined by Western blot when the neurons were interfered with by the drugs for different times (24, 72?h). Results ① Being exposed to Aβ142 for 72?h, cell activity remarkably decreased(P＜0.001), expression of Bcl2 decreased (P＜0.01) and expressions of cytochrome C, caspasce3 and Cleaved Caspase3 increased(P＜0.01, P＜0.001， P＜0.01). Expression of Bax had no change but the value of Bcl2/Bax decreased(P＜0.01). ② Expression of Bcl2 increased when the cell apoptosis model was exposed to diazoxide, cyclosporine A and their combination for 24?h（P＜0.05， P＜0.01，　P＜0.01). When the cell apoptosis model was exposed to diazoxide, cyclosporine A and their combination for 72?h, expression of Bcl2 obviously increased (P＜0.05, P＜0.01, P＜0.001), expressions of Cytochrome C, Caspasce3 and Cleaved Caspase3 decreased(P＜0.05, P＜0.01, P＜0.001), and cell activity increased(P＜0.01, P＜0.001). ConclusionBeing exposed to Aβ142 for 72?h，　neuron apoptosis occurs. Diazoxide and cyclosporine A and their combination could protect neurons from apoptosis induced by Aβ142.

    Construction and identification of recombinant plasmids expressing hTRXPR39

    RUAN Xiyun1,　BI Jianzhong2,　LIU Qingyong1,　ZHANG Shibao3,　YANG Guangxiao4,　WANG Quanying4
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2009, 47(03):  30-34. 
    Abstract ( 934 )   PDF (1177KB) ( 335 )   Save
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    To explore the effects of hTRX and PR39 as target genes on cerebral ischemic disease, and to construct a fusion gene of hTRXPR39 cDNA. MethodsThe forward and reverse primers of PR39 were designed and synthesized. By means of PCR, the fragment encoding PR39 was gained, including EcoR721 and BamH I restriction enzyme sites, and the new hTRX cDNA including EcoR721 and EcoRI restriction enzyme sites was also gained. Then the synthesized fragments were easily cloned into vector pGEMT. The positive clone was identified by restriction enzymes, and then the cloned amplified fragments were sequenced by the dideoxymediated chaintermination method. The cloned hTRX and PR39 cDNA were compared with the GeneBank sequence by the DNASIS. After pGEMThTRX and pGEMTPR39 were both digested by BamH I and EcoRI, the PR39/BamHI, EcoRI was cloned into the recombinant vector pGEMThTRX/BamHI,EcoRI .The recombinant vector pGEMThTRXPR39 was gained. ResultsSequences of modified hTRX and PR39 were consistent with those of the gene bank. After analyzing the ORF of the cloned hTRXPR39 cDNA by the DNASIS, we found that amino acids encoded by the cloned hTRXPR39 cDNA were identical to published results. ConclusionThe sequence of hTRX including EcoR721 and EcoRI restriction enzyme sites and sequence of PR39 including EcoR721 and BamH I restriction enzyme sites were successfully obtained by PCR. Also, the recombinant vector pGEMThTRXPR39 was successfully constructed.

    RNAi inhibits Bcl2 gene expression and enhances radiosensitivity of lung adenocarcinoma cell line A549
    GAO Hui, LIU Fang, MA Daoxin, CHENG Yufeng
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2009, 47(03):  35-38. 
    Abstract ( 1010 )   PDF (490KB) ( 282 )   Save
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    To explore the influence of Bcl2 gene expression by RNAi on the radiosensitivity of human lung adenocarcinoma cell line A549. MethodsVectors containing SiRNA targeting Bcl2 gene were constructed and transfected into A549. Real time RTPCR and Western blot were used to compare the efficiency of gene silencing. Flow cytometry was used to determine the effects of pBcl2siRNA and radiation on apoptosis. D0 and Dq of four cell lines were calculated by Clone formation array, and radiosensitivity of A549/Bcl2Ins was evaluated also by Clone formation array. ResultsThree stable transfected cell lines A549/Bcl2Ins, A549/ Bcl2Neg and A549/SD were screened from the transfected A549 cells. Western blot analysis and real time RTPCR indicated that expression of Bcl2 was suppressed by pBcl2siRNA. The apoptosis rate of A549/Bcl2Ins was higher than that of the controls, and the apoptosis rate of A549/Bcl2Ins at 6Gy irradiation was higher than that of the controls and the unirradiated groups. D0 and Dq of A549/Bcl2Ins were 1.399 and 1.298, respectively, lower than those of A549/ Bcl2Neg(1.695 and 2.480) or those of A549/SD(1.706 and 2.227) or those of A549(1.816 and 2.777). ConclusionRNAi could inhibit Bcl2 gene expression and enhances radiosensitivity of A549 cells.

    Effect of different interventional modalities on expression of resistin in dietinduced hyperresistinemia in rats
    LI Yan1,2, WANG Yi1, HUANG Lei2, AN Xiangmei2, ZHOU Yaping2
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2009, 47(03):  39-42. 
    Abstract ( 851 )   PDF (330KB) ( 320 )   Save
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    To study the effect of different interventional modalities on expression of resistin in dietinduced hyperresistinemia in rats. MethodsSD rats were randomly divided into the control group and the highfat group and were fed with a basic and highfat diet respectively for 8 weeks. Rats with a higher resistin level than an x+2s level of resistin in the CO group were defined as dietinduced hyperresistinemia models. The dietinduced hyperresistinemia rats were randomly divided into the rosiglitazone group, the swimming group, the dietcontrol group and the hyperresistinemia group, which were respectively subjected to rosiglitazone in combination with dietcontrol intervention, swimming in combination with dietcontrol intervention, dietcontrol intervention and a highfat diet for 8 weeks. ResultsThe levels of resistin and insulin in the serum and expression of resistin in fat were decreased in the rosiglitazone group, the swimming group and the dietcontrol group. ConclusionExercise and dietcontrol could decrease expression of resistin in dietinduced hyperresistinemia.

    Effects of IL17 neutralization antibody on polymorphnuclear of asthma in mice

    LI Wei, YE Qian, GAO Shuncui, LI Daowei, JIANG Shujuan, ZHU Ling
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2009, 47(03):  43-47. 
    Abstract ( 1017 )   PDF (1157KB) ( 310 )   Save
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    To investigate the effects of IL17 neutralization antibody on polymorphnuclear (PMN) of asthma mice. MethodsA total of 40 Kunming mice were randomly divided into four groups： the control group (group A)， the asthma group (group B)， the IL17 neutralization antibody group (group C), and the Dex group (group D)．Mice were sensitized and challenged with ovalbumin(OVA) to establish asthma models, and groups C and D were injected with the IL17 neutralization antibody and Dex respectively. Peripheral blood PMN was isolated and purified to observe the apoptosis percentage. The total cell number and differentiation cell number were counted in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) . The pathological characters of lung tissues were observed using HE staining. Myeloperoxidase (MPO) expression was detected by immunohistochemical technique. ResultsPercentage of the PMN apoptosis in group C was significantly higher than that in group B, while the number of Neu in BALF and MPO level in lung tissues were significantly decreased. Compared with group B, the percentage of PMN apoptosis and number of Neu in BALF in group C had no significant differences, while levels of MPO were significantly increased. ConclusionIL17 neutralization antibody may inhibit asthmatic airway inflammation caused by PMN.

    Effects of Rosiglitazone on activities of AMPK
    in the skeletal muscle of highfat fed rats

    SUN Ying1，2， LIU Yi3，　ZHANG Jie2，　CUI Bin2，　KONG Lei1，　ZHAO Jiajun1

    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2009, 47(03):  48-52. 
    Abstract ( 996 )   PDF (699KB) ( 132 )   Save
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    To investigate effects of Rosiglitazone on activities of AMPK (AMPactivated protein kinase)，GLUT4 (glucose transport 4)，IRS1 (insulin receptor substrate 1)， and PPARγ (peroxisome proliferator activated receptor γ) in the skeletal muscle of highfat fed rats. MethodsMale Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups：the control group (N, n=10), the highfat diet group (HF, n=10), and the Rosiglitazonetreated group (HF+Ros，n=10). After a high fat feeding for four months, rats in the HF+Ros group were treated with Rosiglitazone at a dose of 1?mg/(kg·d) orally for one month. Skeletal muscles of all animals were gained for further analysis. The mRNA levels of AMPKα1, AMPKα2, and GLUT4 were determined using real time PCR and of IRS1 and PPARγ using RTPCR. Protein levels of total AMPK, PAMPK, and GLUT4 were determined by Western blot. ResultsCompared with the controls, the mRNA levels of AMPKα2, GLUT4, and PPARγ were reduced, and also protein expressions of total AMPK, PAMPK and GLUT4 were decreased in rats with a highfat diet. But the AMPKα1 and IRS1 mRNA levels had no changes. Compared with the HF group, Rosiglitazone increased mRNA levels of GLUT4, PPARγ and IRS1 and enhanced protein expressions of PAMPK and GLUT4. But there were no changes in AMPKα1, AMPKα2, and TAMPK. ConclusionRosiglitazone could increase expression of PAMPK, GLUT4, PPARγ, and IRS1 in highfat fed rats, which suggests that it could ameliorate insulin resistance.

    A rat model for studying water and sodium metabolism following cervical spinal cord injury

    LIU Yang, JIA Tanghong, GONG Weiming, NING Bin, GUO Shuya,
    SONG Hongliang, XU Peng, ZHANG Tao, ZHANG Laibo
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2009, 47(03):  53-55. 
    Abstract ( 1012 )   PDF (294KB) ( 262 )   Save
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    To establish a rat model of cervical spinal cord injury(SCI) for exploring the mechanism of metabolic disturbance of water and sodium after cervical SCI. MethodsFortyfive female adult Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups: fifteen in group A were fed with normal rodent food without surgeries (the control group), fifteen in group B were fed with enteral nutritional emulsion(TP) and subjected to gastrostomy after lesions of the paravertebral muscles (the sham group), and fifteen in group C were fed with TP and subjected to gastrostomy after cervical spinal cord transaction (SCT) and urethral catheterization (the experimental group). The urine volume and concentration of sodium in blood and urine were determined. ResultsCompared with group B, group C had hyponatremia four days after the operations (P<0.05). Blood sodium concentration was not obviously different between group A and groups B and C preoperatively（P＞0.05）. ConclusionHyponatremia happens after cervical spinal cord injury in rats.

    Clinical survey and cause analysis of vertical root fracture

    WANG Qing, SU Linwang

    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2009, 47(03):  56-58. 
    Abstract ( 975 )   PDF (515KB) ( 258 )   Save
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    To explore clinical features of vertical root fracture (VRF) and analyze the possible causes of VRF. MethodsA total of 51 cases of vertical root fracture in nonendodontically treated teeth in 48 patients were investigated. Age and gender, tooth type and root distribution, as well as clinical manifestations and radiographic findings of vertical root fracture were presented. ResultsThe average age of patients was 52.16 years and the ratio of male to female stood at 2.2:1. The most frequently （54.90%）affected teeth were mandibular first molars. 88.24% of affected roots were mesial roots in the mandibular molars and mesialbuccal roots in the maxillary molars. Clinical manifestations of VRF were similar to pulp disease, periodontal disease, and dull discomfort or pain when biting. Unusual widening of apical and middle parts of the root canals may be accompanied by vertical and horizontal resorption and bone destruction of the furcation area. ConclusionClinical manifestations of VRF are varied. Xray examination is necessary in diagnosis. Anatomy of roots and canals and occlusal force may play main roles in the development of vertical root fracture.

    Analysis of influencing factors of chronic periodontitis patients′ compliance

    BAO Zhexuan， SUN Qinfeng， XU Yan
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2009, 47(03):  59-62. 
    Abstract ( 1141 )   PDF (260KB) ( 351 )   Save
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    To investigate the influencing the compliance of patients with periodontitis. Methods93 patients with chronic periodontitis who had undergone supportive periodontal therapy(SPT) were divided into two groups：the complete compliance and the erratic compliance groups. Debris indexsimplified(DIS), calculus indexsimplified(CIS), plaque index(PLI), and bleeding on probing (BOP) were determined, and also a questionnaire was used for survey and SPSS 13.0 software package was used for statistical analysis. ResultsPatient′s cognitive degree of periodontitis was the most important to their compliance, while other factors, such as gender, age, income, paying manner, and educational background had few effects on compliance. ConclusionDentists should realize the importance and necessity of oral hygiene instruction(OHI)and try their best to improve the cognitive degree. This leads to a strengthened compliance and therefore a longterm stability of management effects.

    Efficacy of Vitapex paste for apexification

    ZHAO Fen, LIN Zhiyong， JI Mei

    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2009, 47(03):  63-65. 
    Abstract ( 1135 )   PDF (327KB) ( 243 )   Save
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    To observe the efficacy of Vitapex paste for apexification. MethodsVitapex paste was used in the apexification of 62 teeth. All the patients′ treatment processes were written down in details to evaluate the efficacy of Vitapex paste and the effect of various grades of root development, periodontal bone loss and different age groups. ResultsThe overall success rate was 95.2%. There was no statistical difference among various grades of root development, periodontal bone loss, and different age groups (P<0.05). ConclusionThe efficacy of Vitapex paste for apexification of various teeth is significant.

    infarction using realtime threedimensional echocardiography
    XING Bing1, WEI Lailin1, WANG Yongmei1, HOU Xi yan2
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2009, 47(03):  66-70. 
    Abstract ( 944 )   PDF (911KB) ( 220 )   Save
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    To explore the feasibility and accuracy of realtime threedimensional echocardiography (RT3DE) in evaluation of the left ventricular systolic function and synchrony in patients with myocardial infarction. MethodsTwodimensional echocardiography (2DE) or RT3DE was performed on 18 patients with myocardial infarction (the myocardial infarction group) and 16 normal people (the control group). Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), left ventricular enddiastolic volume (LVEDV), left ventricular endsystolic volume (LVESV), the difference(Dif) and standard deviation(SD) of the time to the point with minimal systolic volume(Tmsv) in 16,12, and 6 segments were determined and adjusted by RR interval (TmsvSD% and TmsvDif％) using realtime threedimensional echocardiography and QLAB software. LVEDV, LVESV, and LVEF were obtained by 2DE. ResultsCompared with the control group, LVEF of the myocardial infarction group was decreased(P＜0.05), while TmsvSD% and TmsvDif％ were increased(P＜0.05). LVEDV and LVESV obtained by RT3DE were higher than those obtained by 2DE(P＜0.05), while LVEF by RT3DE was lower than that by 2DE（P＜0.05）. ConclusionRT3DE can objectively evaluate the left ventricular systolic function
    reactive protein levels in patients with acute coronary syndrome
    ZHANG Li1,2, LIU Tongbao1, YIN Chenghua1,2
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2009, 47(03):  71-73. 
    Abstract ( 978 )   PDF (253KB) ( 334 )   Save
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    To explore the effects of 2week 20?mg/d and 40?mg/d simvastatin treatment on plasma levels of high sensitiveCreactive protein (hsCRP) in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Methods86 patients with ACS were randomly divided into the conventional dose simvastatin group (n=43, 20?mg per day) and the highdose simvastatin group(n=43,　40?mg per day).　Levels of total cholesterol(TC),　triglycerides(TG),　low density lipid cholesterol(LDLC),　high density lipid cholesterol(HDLC)　and hsCRP of all patients were determined before,　one week and two weeks after the treatment. ResultsBoth TC and LDLC were decreased in the two groups (P＜0.05), but the TG and HDLC levels were not significantly changed. The plasma hsCRP level had a downward trend in the two groups. The hsCRP level was more significantly decreased in the highdose group than in the conventional dose group (P＜0.01). Correlation analysis showed that reduction of plasma hsCRP level was not related to changes of plasma lipid level. ConclusionHighdose simvastatin may significantly reduce serum lipid and plasma hsCRP levels in ACS patients and has an antiinflammatory therapeutic effect and may stabilize atherosclerotic plaques in the short term.
    bypass graft and its clinical assessment
    LIU Chunxiao, LI Decai,WANG Anbiao, ZHANG Haizhou, GUO Lanmin
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2009, 47(03):  74-76. 
    Abstract ( 1203 )   PDF (243KB) ( 366 )   Save
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    To review the feasibility of sequential left internal mammary artery （LIMA）grafting in an offpump coronary artery bypass graft(OPCABG), and to present an objective evidence for clinical application. MethodsBetween March 2006 and February 2008, 72 consecutive patients who had undergone OPCABG with LIMA bypass grafts were included in this study. 36 patients with sequential LIMA grafting were enrolled into group A and the other nonsequential patients into group B. LIMA′s blood flow was measured when the hemodynamics stabilized after the grafts were finished with the Medistim Butterfly Flowmeter. SPSS10.0 statistic software was used for analysis. ResultsMean flow and Pulse index (PI) of the LIMA were significantly different between group A and B:（31±5.6）mL/min versus (21±2.8)mL/min and 2.0±0.3 versus 2.7±0.4 respectively(P＜0.01). ConclusionThe LIMA can provide an adequate blood flow for the myocardium supplied by diagonal, intermediat remus, left interventricular branch and even more areas. It can also ensure arterialization of a coronary bypass graft for a longterm patency rate.
    Survivin expression in bladder transitional cell carcinoma
    ZHAO Zuohui1，2， SUN Bo2, WANG Jianjun2, et al
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2009, 47(03):  77-80. 
    Abstract ( 1082 )   PDF (438KB) ( 289 )   Save
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    To explore the significance of Survivin expression in bladder transitional cell carcinoma (BTCC). MethodsImmunohistochemical (IHC) onestep method and RTPCR method were used to determine the expression of Survivin and Survivin mRNA in BTCC (n=40) and normal bladder mucosa (n=12); Survivin was investigated using the Western blot analysis in urine specimens or exfoliated urine cells (EUC) in BTCC (n=40) and nonBTCC (n=32). ResultsIHC indicated that expression level of Survivin in BTCC was 95.0% (P<0.01), RTPCR indicated that expression level of Survivin in BTCC was 100.0%(P<0.01), and Western blot indicated that expression level of Survivin in BTCC was 95.0%(P<0.01). Survivin was not expressed in normal bladder mucosa. Expression level of Survivin was strongly correlated with pathological grade and clinical stage (P<0.01). ConclusionSurvivin highly expresses in BTCC, suggesting that Survivin should be a good diagnostic and prognostic index of BTCC.

    PDGFC variant mRNA expression in renal cell carcinoma cells

    LIU Juanping1, LIU Zhaoxu1，2, XU Zhonghua2, LIU Cheng2, ZHOU Zunlin2, YAN Lei2, FAN Yidong2

    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2009, 47(03):  81-84. 
    Abstract ( 1147 )   PDF (789KB) ( 249 )   Save
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    To explore expressions of Plateletderived growth factor C(PDGFC) and a novel spliced variant (designated as PDGFCb) of human PDGFC in clear cell renal cell carcinoma and to explore its significance. MethodsUsing semiquantitative reverse transcriptionpolymerase chain reaction (RTPCR) method, expressions of PDGFC and PDGFCb in 12 clear cell renal cell carcinoma tissues and matched adjacent normal tissues were determined. The relationship between expressions of PDGFC and PDGFCb and the impact of Cisplatin on mRNA expression of PDGFC and PDGFCb in the renal cell line was analyzed. ResultsCompared with the matched normal tissues, 9 of the 12 samples had a decreased PDGFCb mRNA expression, 10 had an increased PDGFC expression, and 11 had an increased PDGFC/Cb expression. On the mRNA level, Cisplatin downregulated expressions of PDGFC and PDGFCb and the effect on the latter was dosedependently. Expressions of PDGFC and PDGFCb between the carcinoma tissues and the matched normal tissues were significantly different and expression of PDGFC was upregulated in the carcinoma tissues. ConclusionPDGFCb presents a reverse regulation on the secretion of PDGFC, and this might be involved in RCC tumorigenesis. The downregulation of PDGFC and Cb induced by Cisplatin provides a potential pathway for research of the tumorigenesis of renal cell carcinoma.
    MRI T2 mapping of patellar cartilage in
    patients with osteoarthritis
    ZHANG Jianwei, ZHANG Chengqi, ZHANG Jingjian, WANG Xinyi, PANG Tao, LI Aiyin
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2009, 47(03):  85-88. 
    Abstract ( 1183 )   PDF (490KB) ( 275 )   Save
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    To explore the T2 value of patellar cartilage grouped respectively by radiographic stage of patellofemoral OA and by body mass index(BMI). Methods72 subjects were grouped based on KL into the normal, mild OA, and severe OA groups and on BMI into the normal, overweight, and obese groups. They were scanned using four echoes′ spineecho, and the T2 value of patellar cartilage was measured. ResultsThe mean T2 value was 37.9±4.9 ms, 48.5 ±7.5 ms, and 51.7±5.2 ms in the normal group, mild OA group, and severe OA group. No significance was found between the mild and severe OA groups(P＞0.05). BMI had a significant effect on T2 value (P＜0.001, and P＜0.05 among the three groups). ConclusionResults indicate that the T2 values are not sensitive to changes according to radiographic stages of OA. T2 values with BMI signify structural changes of patellar cartilage, and BMI may be a potential factor for an increase of T2 values.
    Ripley′s L index and the Nearest Neighbor ‘hot spots’ analysis in epidemiological spots map analysis
    GAO Jie1, WANG Zhiqiang2, SHAO Qi1, XUE Hao3, XU Guichun4,
    LI Xuegang4, WANG Jiezhen1, XUE Fuzhong1
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2009, 47(03):  89-93. 
    Abstract ( 1442 )   PDF (932KB) ( 389 )   Save
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    To explore the application of Ripley′s L function and the nearest neighbor hierarchical clustering ‘hot spots’ analysis in epidemiological spots map analysis. MethodsArcGIS90 was used for data management and analysis. The experimental epidemiology method in combination with Ripley′s L function analysis and nearest neighbor spatial clustering analysis compositely reflected the disease spatial heterogeneity and its dynamic characters. ResultsThe average radius of the host rat was 429 meters, of the strongest cluster district was 1443 meters, and of the biggest cluster district of host rat was 8626 meters. The numbers of the “hot spot” in different villages greatly differed. The undulation range of the first order was 38 and of the second order was 01. The average radius of Mus norvegicus was 486 meters, of the strongest cluster district was 2114 meters, and of the biggest cluster district was 9257 meters. Numbers of the “hot spot” in different villages greatly differed. The undulation山东大学学报(医学版)47卷3期

    高杰，等.Ripley′s L 指数与最近邻空间热点分析在流行病学标点地图分析中的应用[HT5”SS〗
    range of the first order was 112 and of the second order was 02. The average radius of Rattus norvegicus was 500 meters, of the strongest cluster district was 3271 meters and of the biggest cluster district was 9386 meters. Numbers of the“hot spot” in different villages greatly differed. The undulation range of the first order was 311, and there was no cluster hot spot of the second order. ConclusionIn the spatial epidemiological field, Ripley′s L index analysis in combination with the nearest neighbor spatial clustering analysis can provide statistical evidence for clarifying the spatial distribution of the host rat and controlling the HFRS infection source.

    Performance of permutationPCA under different genetic model assumptions in a casecontrol association study
    PENG Qianqian, XUE Fuzhong
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2009, 47(03):  94-97. 
    Abstract ( 1116 )   PDF (353KB) ( 347 )   Save
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    To propose a testing method based on Permutation test and Principle Component AnalysisPermutationPCA to explore the performance of PermutationPCA on genotyped data sets under different genetic model assumptions in a casecontrol study. MethodsBased on the control data of the ‘heroininduced positive responses on the first use’ genotyped data, simulated casecontrol genotyped data sets under seven different genetic model assumptions were generated. The PermutationPCA method was used for the simulated data, and also for the real genotyped data of the ‘heroininduced positive responses on the first use′. ResultsThe results of the PermutationPCA method under seven different genetic model assumptions were all significant(Pvalue＜0.05), and the result of the PermutationPCA method on the real genotyped data set was significant (Pvalue＜0.05). ConclusionThe PermutationPCA method is not sensitive to different genetic model assumptions. It is applicable to casecontrol genotyped data in a complex disease gene mapping study.
    Glycemic index of Luohanshen
    HAN Wenting, XU Guifa, LIU Bin
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2009, 47(03):  98-100. 
    Abstract ( 1335 )   PDF (344KB) ( 308 )   Save
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    To determine the glycemic index(GI) of Luohanshen and pumpkin and to explore potential differences from that of other highcarbohydrate foods. MethodsThe crossover method was used in this study. Healthy volunteers consumed 3 kinds of carbohydrate foods: glucose powder, Luohanshen and pumpkin in each 72?h. Fasting blood glucose and postprandial 2?h blood glucose were determined, and glucoseresponse curves were drawn. The GI of other highcarbohydrate foods referred to the Chinese Food Composition Table 2002. ResultsThe GI value of Luohanshen and pumpkin was 48.87±0.055 and 78.75±0.105 respectively, regarding glucose powder as 100. The added area and peak level under the glucoseresponse curve of Luohanshen were significantly lower than those of glucose powder and pumpkin(P＜0.05). ConclusionLuohanshen has low GI value and pumpkin has high GI value. The postprandial blood glucose level of Luohanshen is lower than that of pumpkin, which may be because the proportion of resistant starch in Luohanshen starch is high（77.31%）.
    Penciclovirloaded solid lipid nanoparticles for topical delivery
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2009, 47(03):  101-105. 
    Abstract ( 1049 )   PDF (944KB) ( 336 )   Save
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    ObjectiveTo develop solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) of penciclovir and evaluate potential of SLNs as a topical carrier for enhanced skin permeation of penciclovir. MethodsPenciclovir loaded SLNs were prepared with the W/O/W double emulsion technique. Its morphology was investigated by TEM. Zeta potential and particle size were evaluated. Entrapment efficiency and drug loading were determined, and thermal behavior was investigated by DSC. The in vitro skin permeation behavior was investigated with a marketed cream as a control. ResultsThe obtained SLNs were spherical, and mean size and Zeta potential of SLNs were (254.9±8.2) nm and (-25±0.05) mV. Entrapment efficiency of penciclovir in SLNs was (92.40±1.4)% and (4.62±0.2)% for drug loading. DSC study showed that penciclovir encapsulated in SLNs was in an amorphous form. Cumulative amounts of penciclovir from cream and SLNs at 12 h after dosing were (41.07±3.07)μg/cm2 and (88.44±4.19)μg/cm2. Microscopic pictures showed that interaction between SLNs and skin surface made morphology of the stratum corneum apparently changed and broke close conjugation of the corneocyte layers, which was possible reason of SLNs resulted in an increased permeation of penciclovir. ConclusionSLNs providea good skin permeation effect and may be a promising carrier for topical delivery of penciclovir.
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