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Table of Content

      
    16 April 2009
    Volume 47 Issue 04
    Articles
    Articles
    Inhibitory effect of simvastatin on expression of Cytokine TNFα,
    IL6 and uPA/uPAR secreted by HUVECs
    DOU Shanshan1,　DENG Jingti1,　JI Ran1,　HU Yanlai1, ZHANG Weihong2,　ZHANG Liping1
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2009, 47(04):  1-4. 
    Abstract ( 1358 )   PDF (676KB) ( 62 )   Save
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    To explore the effect of simvastatin on expressions of TNFα, IL6, uPA/uPAR mRNA and protein in HUVECs treatment with LPS. MethodsCultivated HUVECs were divided into two groups: the 12?h group and the 24?h group. Then they were subdivided into four groups: the control group, the LPS（100?ng/mL）group, the simvastatin(5?μg/mL) group, and the LPS and simvastatin group. Expressions of TNFα, IL6, uPA/uPAR mRNA and protein were determined using realtime quantitative PCR and ELISA. ResultsCompared with the control groups, expressions of TNFα, IL6, uPA/uPAR mRNA and IL6 in the supernatant were significantly increased in the LPS groups (P<0.05). Compared with the LPS groups, expressions of TNFα, IL6, uPA/uPAR mRNA and IL6 in the supernatant were statistically decreased in the LPS and simvastatin groups (P<0.05). ConclusionSimvastatin can inhibit expressions of TNFα, IL6 and uPA/uPAR secreted by HUVECs.

    无栏目

    RhGCSF inhibits inflammatory reaction of brain tissues in senescence accelerated mouse P10
    SONG Yan, BI Jianzhong, WANG Ping, ZHAO Cuiping, XIE Zhaohong, WANG Yun
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2009, 47(04):  5-8. 
    Abstract ( 1033 )   PDF (356KB) ( 188 )   Save
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    SONG Yan, BI Jianzhong, WANG Ping, ZHAO Cuiping, XIE Zhaohong, WANG Yun
    (Department of Neurology, Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250033, China)

    To observe the effects of rhGCSF on the inhibition of the inflammatory response of senescence accelerated mouse P10 (SAMP10). MethodsFortyeight SAMP10 were randomly divided into the control group and the rhGCSF group. Mice in the rhGCSF group were subcutaneously subjected to 100?μg/(kg·d) rhGCSF for 7 days, while mice in the control group were subjected to normal saline. Expressions of TNFα and iNOS were determined by immunofluorescence on the 7th, 14th, 28th, and 56th day after administration. The percentage， area and density of the TNFα positive cells and iNOS positive cells were analyzed by Imagepro Plus software. ResultsCompared with the control group, the percentage， area and density of the TNFα positive cells and iNOS positive cells significantly declined in the rhGCSF group. ConclusionRhGCSF can significantly inhibit the inflammatory response of SAMP10.

    Inhibitory effect of emodin on cytokine secrete from cultured corneal fibroblasts

    CHEN Guoling1,2, CHEN Shuang3, LIU Yanli1,　WEI Luwan1,　LIU Zhiyu1
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2009, 47(04):  9-12. 
    Abstract ( 1047 )   PDF (557KB) ( 175 )   Save
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    MethodsCell viability insensitive to emodin on cultured human corneal fibroblasts was assessed using the MTT assay. Human corneal fibroblasts were randomly divided into three groups：the control group(group 0?h), the lipopolysaccharide(LPS) group and the emodin pretreatment group. Cells in the emodin pretreatment group were incubated with emodin for 30?min before being LPS challenged. Before and after 1,2,4 and 8?h treatment with LPS, expression of inhibitor of κBα（IκBα）was assayed by Western blot， and secretion of IL6 induced by LPS from cultured corneal fibroblasts was determined with enzymelinked immunosorbent assays(ELISA). Effects of emodin, an active component from the rhizome of Rheum palmatum, on expressions of IκBα and IL6 were also assessed in these cells. ResultsThe concentration of emodin used in this study was safe for cultured human corneal fibroblasts. Compared with the 0h group, expression of IκBα protein level was significantly decreased after being LPS challenged 18?h(P<0.01), the lowest expression of IκBα was observed at 4h after LPS challenged. Compared with cells in the 0h group, IκBα level was significantly decreased in each group after treated with LPS, and degeneration of IκBα induced by LPS was markedly inhibited by emodin（P<0.01）.　At the same time, the protein release of IL6 in corneal fibroblasts was significantly increased at each point after being challenged with LPS, which was significantly inhibited by pretreatment with emodin（P<0.01）. ConclusionThese results suggest that LPS takes part in the degeneration of IκBα in cultured human corneal fibroblasts in vitro, and emodin can partly inhibit this degeneration. By inhibiting IκBα degeneration, emodin may suppress LPSinduced cytokine release from these cells, which is one of the signal transduction mechanisms of emodin to prevent the occurrence of inflammation.

    Cancer initiating cells of lung cancer cell line A549

    MENG Xiangjiao, WANG Yawei, WANG Xiu wen
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2009, 47(04):  13-17. 
    Abstract ( 1465 )   PDF (847KB) ( 293 )   Save
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    To investigate the fraction of cancer initiating cells in lung cancer cell line A549 by cloning and tumorigenic analyses. MethodsA clone formation assay was carried out to determine the clonogenicity and regeneration ability of cells. Cells from a clone were injected into BALB/Cnude mice to test tumorigenicity. To determine whether CD133- cells of A549 possess the characteristics of cancer stem cells, we isolated the cells by magnetic separation and tested whether Hoechst 33342 staining could affect clonogenicity of the A549 cells by clone formation assay. ResultsMore than 45% of the A549 cells formed large clones that were able to generate subclones and subsequently give rise to xenograft tumors in the BALB/Cnude mice. Both CD133+ cells and CD133- cells of A549 possessed stem cell characteristics, and Hoechst 33342 affected the clonogenicity and proliferation of a single A549 cell. ConclusionMore than 45% of A549 cells are cancerinitiating cells.
    Effects of hCG on invasive activity of HTR8SVneo trophoblastic
    cells and its mechanism
    LI Zewu1, YANG Meixiang2, SUN Jintang2, XIE Qi2, DENG Biping2,
    LIU Jia2,　SONG Bingfeng2, MAO Haiting2, QU Xun2
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2009, 47(04):  18-20. 
    Abstract ( 1250 )   PDF (477KB) ( 134 )   Save
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    To study the effect of hCG on invasion of HTR8SVneo cell line and to explore its mechanism. MethodsFirst, cultured HTR8SVneo cells were divided into the control group, the low concentration of hCG (10?IU/mL) to stimulate group, and the high concentrations of hCG (100?IU/mL) to stimulate group, then for further experiments they were divided into the control group, the hCG (100?IU/mL) stimulation group, and the DPCPX (A1R specific blocker) +hCG (100?IU/mL) joint stimulation group. The transcription levels of MMP2 in HTR8SVneo cells were determined by RTPCR, and the secreting protein trend of MMP2 was determined by gelatin mass spectrometry. ResultsProduction of MMP2 protein was consistent with levels of MMP2 mRNA treated with different concentration hCG. Expression of A1R was increased at high concentration (100?IU/mL), however, levels of MMP2 mRNA and its secreted protein were reduced after blocking the A1R by DPCPX. ConclusionhCG promotes HTR8SVneo cell invasion by increasing expression of A1R.

    Correlation between cell apoptosis and obliterate bronchiolitis in rats following allogeneic lung transplantation
    WEI Yucheng, WANG Zizong, YANG Ronghua, SHEN Yi
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2009, 47(04):  21-25. 
    Abstract ( 1031 )   PDF (754KB) ( 23 )   Save
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    To explore the correlation between apoptosis and obliterate bronchiolitis (OB) after allograft lung transplantation in rats. MethodsHeterotopic trachea transplantation was performed on Wistar rats with OB after allograft lung transplantation. Animal models were randomly divided into the control group， the transplantation group and the immunosuppressant treatment group. All allograftic trachea were taken out on the 7th, 14th and 28th d after transplantation. TUNEL was used to detect apoptosis, and an EnVison immunohistochemical method was used to detect expressions of Caspase3 and Bax in the grafts. Results① Animal models showed the same histological changes as OB after allograft lung transplantation. ② TUNEL test showed that apoptosis in the OB model and the immunosuppressant treatment group had less apoptosis than that in the transplantation group(P＜0.05). ③ HIS showed that expressions of Caspase3 and Bax were increased in OB models and were less in the immunosuppressant treatment group than in the transplantation group, especially in the later period(P＜0.05). ConclusionOB after allograft lung transplantation is related to apoptosis. Suppressing apoptosis maybe a treatment method for OB after allograft lung transplantation.

    Effect of Naoshenkang Capsule on neuronal apoptosis and expression of Bcl2, Bax mRNA in cultured rat hippocampal neurons with anoxiareoxygenation injury

    LI Wei, LIU Deshan, CHANG Ping， LIN Weiwei
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2009, 47(04):  26-29. 
    Abstract ( 1033 )   PDF (434KB) ( 156 )   Save
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    To explore the effect of Naoshenkang Capsule, a traditional Chinese drug with the function of invigorating Qi and tonifying kidneys on neuronal apoptosis and expression of Bcl2, Bax mRNA in cultured rat hippocampal neurons with anoxiareoxygenation injury. MethodsPrimarily cultured neonate rat hippocampal neurons were randomly divided into five groups: the control group, the anoxiareoxygenation group and the small, middle, and large dosage of Chinese Medicineprotective groups. The Chinese Medicineprotective groups were treated with different concentrations of Naoshenkang containing serum before reoxygenation. The survival rate and apoptosis rate of neurons were determined by MTT and flow cytometry. RTPCR was used to evaluate mRNA expressions of Bcl2 and Bax genes. ResultsSurvival rate of cells, Bcl2 mRNA expression and Bcl2/Bax in the anoxiareoxygenation group were significantly lower (all P＜0.01), but apoptosis rate and Bax mRNA expression were higher (all P＜0.01) than those in the control group. Survival rate of cells, Bcl2 mRNA expression and Bcl2/Bax in all Chinese Medicineprotective groups were obviously higher (all P＜0.01), but apoptosis rate and Bax mRNA expression were lower (P＜0.01, P＜0.05) than those in the anoxiareoxygenation group and demonstrated obvious dosageeffective relationship. ConclusionNaoshenkang Capsule has a protective effect on hippocampal neurons against anoxiareoxygenation injury, and its mechanism may be that the Chinese medicine can regulate protein expressions of Bcl2 and Bax and inhibits apoptosis.

    Multidrug resistance gene expression in patients with refractory epilepsy and its reversal by flunarizine

    LI Baomin, YU Zhen, ZHANG Dongqing, SUN Ruopeng
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2009, 47(04):  30-32. 
    Abstract ( 1088 )   PDF (403KB) ( 31 )   Save
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    To observe expression of MDR1 mRNA in peripheral blood and the tolerance of flunarizine. MethodsExpression of MDR1 in the peripheral blood of 86 subjects was determined by PTPCR. All subjects were divided into the refractory epilepsy (n=64) group and the control (n=22) group, and the refractory epilepsy group was subdivided into the flunarizine treatment (n=36) group and the placebo treatment (n=28) group. MDR1 mRNA expression was reexamined with the same method. ResultsExpression level of MDR1 mRNA was elevated in the refractory epilepsy group compared with the control group (P＜0.01). After treatment with flunarizine for 7 to 8 weeks, 20 of 36 (55.56%) patients had good effects, but only 1 patient in the placebo group (3.57%) had an effect. Expression of MDR1 mRNA was decreased in the flunarizine group but increased in the placebo group compared with the control group, also it was decreased in the flunarizine group and increased in the placebo group after treatments compared with the beginning of the experiments. Adverse effective rate was 8.33％. ConclusionExpression of MDR1 mRNA in peripheral blood is parallel to that in the brain, so it can be used to evaluate the sensibility of patients to drugs. Flunarizine is effective on refractory epilepsy with overexpression of MDR1 as an addon therapy.

    Construction of the recombination expression vector pIRESRb94 and its effect on expression of SphK in lung adenocarcinoma A549 cell line
    LIU Fang, MA Daoxin, TAN Bingxu, GAO Hui, WANG Jianbo, ZHANG Ping, GUO Ying, CHENG Yufeng
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2009, 47(04):  33-37. 
    Abstract ( 1076 )   PDF (567KB) ( 68 )   Save
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    To construct a eukaryofic expression plasmid pIRESRb94 and investigate its effect on expression of SphK in lung adenocarcinoma A549 cell line. MethodsA primer of Rb94 was designed and composed based on the Rb94 sequence． The Rb94 gene was cloned by PCR and was sequenced. The eukaryofic expression plasmid plRKSRb94 was correctly constructed and transfected into the A549 cells by lipofectamine 2O00, then the stably transfected pIRESRb94 cell line was selected through G418. Expression of the Rb94 gene was detected by real time RTPCR and Western blotting. ResultsThe recombination expression vector containing the Rb94 gene was successfully constructed and a new cell line with stable and high expression of Rb94 was established． Real time RTPCR and Western Blotting analysis demonstrated that the Rb94 gene could be effectively expressed in the A549 cells. Moreover, expression of SphK1 was downregulated and of SphK2 was upregulated. ConclusionThe pIRESRb94 expression plasmid was successfully constructed and could be effectively transfected into A549 cells. After transfection, Rb94 can efficiently inhibit expression of SphK1, and enhances expression of SphK2 in the A549 cell line.
    Neuroprotective effects of insulinlike growth factor 1 on cultured dorsal
    root ganglion neurons with neurotoxicity induced by glutamate
    ZHANG Fengjun, WANG Lihong, LIU Zhen, XING Ziying, WANG Huaijing, LI Zhenzhong
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2009, 47(04):  38-41. 
    Abstract ( 995 )   PDF (811KB) ( 128 )   Save
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    To determine the neuroprotective effects of insulinlike growth factor 1 (IGF1) on cultured dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons injured by glutamate (Glu). MethodsDRG neurons of Wistar rat embryos were cultured for 48?h in vitro and then exposed to Glu (200?μmol/L) with or without IGF1 (10?nmol/L). The living cells were observed with an inverted contrast microscope. The cultures were processed for detecting the apoptosis rate using flow cytometry and for detecting the fluorescent intensity of intracellular Ca2+ using confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). ResultsSurvival status of the DRG cells with IGF1 incubation was better than that without IGF1 incubated cultures. The apoptosis rate and fluorescent intensity of Ca2+ were lower in cultures with IGF1 than those without. ConclusionIGF1 may reduce intracellular Ca2+ concentration, inhibits neuronal apoptosis, and protects the DRG neurons from neurotoxicity induced by Glu.

    Influence of curcumin on structure and function of kidney in diabetic rats
    YU Dongqing1, LIU Jinbo2，　DENG Huacong3
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2009, 47(04):  42-45. 
    Abstract ( 1233 )   PDF (668KB) ( 132 )   Save
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    To explore the effect of curcumin on the structure and function of the kidney in diabetic rats. MethodsDiabetes was induced by a single intraperitoneal injection of streptozoticin(STZ) to male Wistar rats at a dose of 60?mg/kg body weight and they were randomly divided into two groups: the diabetes group (group D) and the diabetes treated with curcumin group(group DC). A normal control group (group N) was also designed. Curcumin was given at a dose of 200?mg·kg-1·day-1, the other two groups were given the same quantity of CarboxylmethylCellulose(CMC). After a treatment of 8 weeks, renal morphology and blood and urinary biochemistry were evaluated. ResultsLevels of clearance of creatinine(Ccr)， urinary albumin excretion rate(UAER), albumincreatinine ratio(Alb/Cr), mean glomerular area(MGA) and mean glomerular volume(MGV) were all significantly increased in group D as compared with group N(P＜0.01 or P＜0.05) . Large glomeruli，membranes with a thickened glomerular basement, and foot processes confluence into podocytes were found by light microscopy and electron microscopy. All these abnormalities were markedly ameliorated after a curcumin treatment. ConclusionCurcumin is effective in improving renal pathological damage, ameriorating hypertrophy and hyperfiltration, and decreasing the urinary albumin excretion rate(UAER)in diabetic Wistar rats.
    Culture, proliferation, and differentiation of trunk neural crest
    stem cells in early embryos of rats: an in vitro experiment
    LU Jing1, SUN Jinhao1, ZHANG Jing1, CONG Li1, QI Xiaoxia1,
    ZHUANG Yuan2, YANG Jie1, LI Zhenhua1
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2009, 47(04):  46-49. 
    Abstract ( 1229 )   PDF (380KB) ( 203 )   Save
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    To establish a method for in vitro culture of trunk neural crest stem cells and to explore their biological properties, so as to find a new treatment for peripheral nervous system diseases. MethodsA neural tube towards the caudalmost 10 somites obtained from fetal rats at E10.5 was isolated and explanted in a plate coated with fibronectin for 2 days. Truncal neural crest stem cells were collected after being trypsinased. Their growth proliferation and differentiation were observed by an inverted phase contrast microscope and immunocytochemical technique. ResultsPrimary culture of truncal neural crest stem cells with fibroblastlike appearance demonstrated characteristics of neural stem cells, such as clonality and pluripotency. Immunocytochemical staining showed that the cells expressed nestin and p75. Truncal neural crest stem cells could differentiate into neurons, Schwann cells and smooth musclelike cells in the serumcontaining medium. ConclusionTrunk neural crest stem cells were successfully cultured in vitro, which provides an experimental basis for further research of tissue engineering of candidate cells.

    Expressions of angiostatin and matrix metalloproteinase9 in the brain of type 2 diabetic GK rats after transient middle carotid artery occlusion
    BI Xizhuang1，　ZHU Meijia2，　SHANGGUAN Shina3，　JIA Qian4
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2009, 47(04):  50-53. 
    Abstract ( 1102 )   PDF (557KB) ( 128 )   Save
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    To explore the pathophysiological mechanism of acute cerebral ischemia complicated with chronic diabetes by observing expressions of angiostatin protein in cerebral ischemic tissues at different ischemiareperfusion (I/R) time points. MethodsDiabetes groups［ GotoKakizaki (GK)］ and control groups(Wistar rats )were randomly subdivided into 3 groups: the shamoperation group, the cerebral ischemic groups(CI) and the cerebral ischemic complicated with diabetes groups(DM+CI). Models of focal cerebral ischemiareperfusion were established by the Longa′s technique. Western blotting and SDSPAGE zymography were used to estimated the protein expressions of angiostatin and activity of MMP9 at different I/R time points (3?h, 24?h, 3?d、7?d). ResultsExpressions of angiostatin and activity of MMP9 in ischemic brain tissues started to increase at 3?h after reperfusion, reached peaks at 24?h and then gradually decreased， but still kept at a level above the basal level at 3?d. There was a significant increase of angiostatin expression in the DM+CI group compared with that in the CI groups at 24?h(P＜0.05). Activity of MMP9 was more significantly increased in the DM+CI group than in the CI group at all I/R time points (P＜0.01). There was a linear correlation between angiostatin expressions and MMP9 activity in the DM+CI and CI groups. ConclusionIncrease of MMP9 activity contributes to the upregulation of angiostatin and it may participate in the pathology of reperfusion of diabetic infarct brains.
    Effects of radix salvia miltiorrhiz on TNFαand IL1 during
    cold ischemia and reperfusion injury in rat
    orthotopic liver transplantation
    WANG Yu1, ZHOU Jie1, JIANG Xiaoqing2
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2009, 47(04):  54-57. 
    Abstract ( 1016 )   PDF (401KB) ( 187 )   Save
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    To investigate the effect of radix salvia miltiorrhiz on TNFαand IL1 of the donor liver during orthotopic liver transplantation. Methods40 SD male rats were randomly divided into the experimental group, the control group and the sham operation group. Perfusing and preserving solution were miltiorrhiz Ringer′s lactate solution in the experimental group and Ringer′s lactate solution without miltiorrhiz in the control group. All grafts were preserved for 5 hours and then were orthotopically transplanted. Six hours after reperfusion, the recipients were sacrificed, and the serum ALT and AST were measured. Also, changes of oxygenderived free radical level MDA and expressions of TNFαand IL1 in the liver were determined. The histopathological changes were observed under a light microscope. ResultsSerum ALT and AST levels in the experimental group were significantly lower than those in the control group after reperfusion. MDA, TNFαand IL1 levels were lower in the experimental group than those in the control group. Histopathological injury changes were not as serious as in the control group. ConclusionRadix salvia miltiorrhiz may decrease the levels of TNFαand IL1 to prevent the liver graft ischemia reperfusion injury in orthotopic liver transplantation in rats.
    Mesenchymal stem cells combined with rapamycin immunoregulates
    the spleniclymphocytes in allogenic mice
    YIN Yujun1, LI Jing2, TANG Yu2, YOU Haiyan3, ZHU Wei4,　XU Wengrong4, JIAO Zhijun3
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2009, 47(04):  58-61. 
    Abstract ( 1085 )   PDF (862KB) ( 118 )   Save
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    To investigate the immunoregulatory effects of mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs) combined with rapamycin on T and B cells in vitro and its potential mechanism. MethodsMSCs were isolated and cultivated from the bone marrow of 56 weekold BALB/c mice in vitro. The purity was detected through surface markers by flow cytometry(FCM). Splenic lymphocytes were isolated by EZSep(tm) Mouse 1X. Under ConA or LPS stimulation, lymphocytes were treated with MSCs and/or rapamycin. The proliferation was assessed by MTT coloremetry. FCM was used to analyze the apoptosis and surface markersCD69， CD28 and CD86. mRNA expressions of cytokines were detected by realtime quantitative PCR. ResultsBoth MSCs and MSCs combined with rapamycin could significantly inhibit proliferation of lymphocytes and the apoptosis of T cells. However, the inhibitory effect of the latter was more obvious than that of the former (P＜0.01). Both MSCs and MSCs combined with rapamycin could significantly increase expression of interferon (IFN)γ mRNA but decrease expression of interleukin (IL)10. No differences of CD69, CD28 and CD86 expressions were observed among all groups. ConclusionMSCs combined with rapamycin could downmodulate the function of T and B cells, and the potential mechanism may be related to its effect on the proliferation，apoptosis and mRNA expressions of IFNγ and IL10.

    Domestic fluorescence quantitative PCR reagents and COBAS Amplicor assay in measuring HBVDNA: a comparison study
    XUE Yan1，　WANG Lei1，　XU Wansu2
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2009, 47(04):  62-64. 
    Abstract ( 1441 )   PDF (215KB) ( 120 )   Save
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    To compare the efficacy of two domestic real time fluorescence quantitative PCR(FQPCR) diagnostic kits and COBAS Amplicor HBVDNA monitor for HBVDNA determination. MethodsSerum samples from 151 patients with chronic hepatitis B were determined by COBAS Amplicor HBVDNA monitor (A). The serum samples were retested by FQPCR with domestic reagents (B and C). Concordance and correlation of the results were assessed and sensitivity and specificity of B and C were evaluated. ResultsThe serum HBVDNA levels determined by reagent A, B and C were (5.87±1.64)， (5.11±1.34), (4.93±1.35) log10?copies/mL, respectively (P＜0.05). And the HBVDNA level determined by A was higher than either of the latter two (P＜0.05)， while that by B and C were comparable (P＞0.05). The correlative coefficiency between results by A and B, and A and C were 0.947 and 0.937, respectively. Correlation between B, C and A in low virus load samples was not as good as that in high load samples. Overall sensitivity of reagent B and C was 90.4％ and 77.0%, and overall specificity was 56.3% and 100%, respectively. ConclusionBoth of the domestic fluorescence quantitative PCR reagents are fairly good in measuring serum HBVDNA, while they are less reliable in low virus load samples. Regent B is more sensitive and C is more specific.
    Influence of two media on spinal neurons in vitro
    YUAN Yujing, FU Zhijian, SUN Tao
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2009, 47(04):  65-68. 
    Abstract ( 1186 )   PDF (514KB) ( 140 )   Save
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    To establish a protocol for harvesting a large number of spinal cord neurons and to compare the effects of two media, NCM（Neurobasal+B27）and SCM (DMEM/F12+10% fetal bovium serum+5% donor equine serum) on spinal neurons cultured in vitro. MethodsEmbryonic spinal cords of the E Wistar rats on day 14 to 15 were extracted and digested with 0.05% trypsin. Neurons were cultured by the two media for 1 week in vitro. Both physical and pharmacological methods were used to purify the neurons. An inverted phase contrast microscope was used for morphological development observation and immunofluorescence staining was used to compare spinal neuron purity cultured by the two media. ResultsCells cultured by NCM had a higher purity and had less damage than by SCM. ConclusionNeurobasal+B27 is more supportive for neuron culture in vitro than the traditional serumcontaining medium.
    IL11 and IL11 receptor levels in the blood of mice with
    chronic idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura
    NIU Tingting1，　CHEN Lijun1，　HUANG Lihua2， DU Xue2，　ZHANG Xiaowei2
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2009, 47(04):  69-71. 
    Abstract ( 1001 )   PDF (250KB) ( 127 )   Save
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    To explore IL11 and IL11 receptor in the blood of mice with chronic idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura(CITP) and to assess whether the absence of IL11 or the IL11 receptor will provide a new theory in the treatment of CITP． Methods60 BALB/C mice which were randomly divided into two groups (20 mice in the control group and 40 in the CITP group)． The model of CITP was induced using intraperitoneal APS injection． Levels of IL11 and IL11 receptors were determined using ELISA and flowcytometry at the 8th day． ResultsThe levels of IL11 and the IL11 receptor in the blood of group CITP were higher thatthose of group control (P＜0.05)． In 31 mice of the CITP group，both the level of IL11 and of the IL11 receptor in the blood were increased, while in the remaining 9 mice of the CITP group，the level of IL11 in the blood was increased but the level of the IL11 receptor was decreased． ConclusionIL11 may have a certain action in the mechanism of ITP．

    Clinical application of selfmade control serum

    GAO Yang, SHAN Ningning, LI Xinhe, LIU Yanhong, XIA Hongyin, WANG Huimin

    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2009, 47(04):  72-74. 
    Abstract ( 1053 )   PDF (523KB) ( 156 )   Save
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    To explore feasibility of the selfmade control serum as an internal quality control. MethodsHigh level samples were added into the blood serum to adjust the requested concentration. Samples were conserved at -80?℃. One pipe of quality control serum was diffluenced at 37?℃ and detected with daily clinical samples. ResultsSelfmade blood serum was run on clinical system E170 (Roche), and its effect on repetition and stabilization of quality control serum was good. ConclusionIt is a feasible working frame to run clinical samples under the selfmade control serum.
    Effects of ethanol on glycogen content, GSK3β，
    and PAMPK of L02 cells
    YU Hui1,2, CHEN Shaohua1, ZHAO Jiajun2, GAO Ling3
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2009, 47(04):  75-78. 
    Abstract ( 1091 )   PDF (659KB) ( 40 )   Save
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    To investigate the effects of ethanol on glycogen content, glycogen synthase kinase3β (GSK3β), and phosphoAMPactivated protein kinase (PAMPK) of human liver L02 cells in vitro. MethodsL02 cells were treated with ethanol and were divided into the 0, 50 or 100?mmol/L group. After treatment for 24 hours, all cells were collected and were further analyzed. The Glycogen content was determined by anthronesulfuric acid colorimetry, and expression of both GSK3β and PAMPK was observed by western blot analysis. After AICAR and Compound C which works as a selective agonist or inhibitor of AMPK respectively treated the cells for 1 h prior to ethanol, GSK3β expression was determined. ResultsCompared with the 0?mmol/L group, the glycogen content decreased, while protein expression of both GSK3β and PAMPK increased in the 50 and 100?mmol/L group (P<0.05). No differences was shown in the glycogen content and protein expression between the 50 and 100?mmol/L group (P＞0.05). No expression changes of GSK3β were observed after either AICAR or Compound C treatment. ConclusionGlycogen content of L02 cells is decreased after ethanol exposure, which may be due to GSK3β activity.
    Transcutaneous oxygen tension measurement in flaps pedicled on
    the arterial cutaneous branch
    YIN Guorui, HE Bo, FENG Rongjie, LI Shuyuan, BI Benjun, XU Qingjia, ZHU Xiaolei
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2009, 47(04):  79-82. 
    Abstract ( 911 )   PDF (614KB) ( 181 )   Save
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    To explore the variation pattern of transcutaneous oxygen tension (tcPaO2) of flaps pedicled on the arterial cutaneous branch with necrotic distal end and to provide experimental evidence for clinical practice. MethodsFlaps pedicled on the cutaneous branch of the iliolumbal artery were raised on 65 male Wistar rats (400450?g) with a 12?cm×3?cm dimension. By taking a perforation point of the cutaneous branch as the proximal end, each flap was divided into four equal regions (region 1 to 4) from the proximal end to the distal end. The tcPaO2 of each region was monitored at the following time points: before the operation, immediately after the operation, at the 1st, 2nd, 4th and 7th day after the operation. ResultstcPaO2 of the four regions all significantly dropped after the operation（P＜0.01). tcPaO2 values of the proximal three regions (region 1 to 3) gradually increased from the 1st day to the 7th day after the operation. And on the 7th day, tcPaO2 values of region 1 and 2 nearly regained their normal levels. While tcPaO2 of the distal necrotic region (region 4) gradually dropped till it could not be tested on the 4th day. On the 1st and 2nd days after the operation, from proximal to distal end of the flap, tcPaO2 first increased and then gradually dropped. tcPaO2 of region 2 was significantly higher than that of region 1, 3 and 4（P＜0.05). While on the 4th and 7th days, tcPaO2 gradually dropped from proximal to distal end of the flap（P＜0.05), and differences between the proximal two regions diminished（P＞0.05）. ConclusionBy using transcutaneous oxygen tension measurement, blood circulation condition of the flap can be objectively and continuously reflected, and dysaemia of the flap can be detected in its early state. Therefore, transcutaneous oxygen tension measurement can be a promising detection method in clinical practice.

    Expressions of heat shock protein 70 and 90α in nonHodgkin′s lymphoma and its clinical significance
    FANG Xiaosheng， LIU Xin， WANG Xin
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2009, 47(04):  83-86. 
    Abstract ( 1079 )   PDF (560KB) ( 142 )   Save
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    To study the expressions of heat shock protein 70 and 90α in nonHodgkin′s lymphoma（NHL）and their clinical significance. MethodsExpressions of HSP70 and HSP90α were evaluated in 30 NHL by immunohistochemical staining.10 necrotic lymphnoditis and 12 reactive hyperplastic lymphnodes were used as controls. ResultsThere were no significant differences in expressions of HSP 70 and HSP90α among NHL, necrotic lymphnoditis, and reactive hyperplastic lymphnodes. High expression of HSP70 （positive cell＞50 %）was correlated with the degree of malignancy, stage and therapy reaction（P＜0.05）, but was not related to B syndrome and extralymphonode infestation（P＞0.05）. No relationship was found between high expression of HSP90α and clinical characters（P＞0.05）. ConclusionHSP70 may be a useful indicator for evaluation of malignancy, stage, and therapy reaction of NHL.
    Application of dual source CT in congenital heart diseases
    WANG Jie, WANG Qing, CUI Fengyu
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2009, 47(04):  87-90. 
    Abstract ( 1030 )   PDF (390KB) ( 31 )   Save
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    To explore the clinical value of dual source CT in diagnosis of congenital heart diseases． Methods50 patients with suspected congenital heart disease underwent contrastenhanced dual source CT. Echocardiographgated technology was used in 40 patients, and common chest technology was used in 10 patients because of sinus tachycardia. All 50 patients underwent echocardiography, 27 of them were confirmed by surgical operations and 9 of them were confirmed by Xray angiography. Surgical or Xray angiography was used as a reference standard. Findings were compared with that of echocardiography in 36 patients. ResultsOf the 36 patients with congenital heart diseases, 1 arterial septal defect, 1 ventricular septal defect, 1 interruption of the aortic arch, 1 single ventricle, 1 complete transposition of the great artery, 1 abnormal origin of the pulmonary artery, 1 abnormal coronary sinus, 2 patent ductus arteriosus, 2 corrected transposition of the great arteries, 2 double outlet left ventricle, 2 abnormal origin of the right coronary artery, 2 pulmonary atresia with ventricular septal defect, 4 double outlet left ventricle, 5 coarctation of the aorta and 10 Tetralogy of Fallot. 107 deformities were confirmed by surgical or Xray angiography in 36 patients. The accuracy of dual source CT in detecting cardiac deformities was 95.33%. In 30 intracardiac deformities, definite diagnostic rates of dual source CT and echocardiography were 93.33% and 96.67%, and dual source CT was as accurate as echocardiography in revealing intracardiac deformities(P=1.000). In 77 extracardiac anomalies, definite diagnostic rates of dual source CT and echocardiography were 96.10% and 87.01%, and dual source CT was superior to echocardiography in identifying extracardiac anomalies(χ2=4.117, P=0.042). Combination of dual source CT and echocardiography increased the definite diagnostic rate to 99.21%. ConclusionDual source CT is superior to echocardiography in identifying extracardiac anomalies. Their combination can improve definite diagnostic rate for congenital heart disease.
    Safety of a unicameral dual purpose tracheal
    catheter in esophagus operations
    WANG Qingwei1, YUE Qingzhu1, YAN Zhaohua2, LI Yongqiang1, LI Jing1, TENG Shuzhen1
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2009, 47(04):  91-93. 
    Abstract ( 1071 )   PDF (353KB) ( 102 )   Save
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    To investigate the effect and safety of the unicameral dual purpose tracheal catheter in esophagus operations. Methods90 cases suffering from left thoracic operations were randomly divided to groups A and B. Group A was subjected to anesthesia with a unicameral dual purpose tracheal catheter, and group B with a double channel bronchial catheter. Airway resistance and lung blood shunt rate were checked. ResultWhen a unilateral lung was ventilated, the airway resistance was much lower in group A than in group B (P<0.05). ConclusionsEither a unicameral dual purpose tracheal catheter or a double channel bronchial catheter can give satisfactory unilateral lung ventilation, but the former has lower airway resistance and lung blood shunt rate than the latter.

    Evaluation of MRI in limb salvage surgery on osteosarcoma

    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2009, 47(04):  94-97. 
    Abstract ( 1006 )   PDF (401KB) ( 136 )   Save
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    To investigate the clinical significance of MRI in limb salvage surgery on osteosarcoma around the knee joint. Methods43 patients with osteosarcoma were examined by Xray and MRI, and were staged by Enneking surgical staging system. Based on the tumor extent in the medullary cavity and the surrounding soft tissues, the operative plans were formulated and the custom artificial prostheses were made. After chemotherapy, tumors were removed and custommade prostheses were put on. Postoperatively the histopathological results were compared with the MR images. Followed up for 10 to 55 months (mean 38 months), the function of the involved knee joints was evaluated. Results Of the 43 cases, 10 were in stage Ⅱa and 33 in stage Ⅱb, all were successfully operated on. The functional recovery rate was 76.7%. MRI was of little diagnostic value in manifesting osteosarcoma, but was of great value in demonstrating intramedullary extension, skip metastasis, the relationship of bone tumor to vessel, nerve, muscle and adjacent joints, bleeding and necrosis in osteosarcoma. ConclusionMRI has great values in making operative plans and ensuring the operative outcome in limb salvage surgery on osteosarcoma.

    Relationship of hypoxiainducible factor1α and Endoglin in the placenta with the serum soluble endoglin in preeclampsia

    SHANG Hui1,　CHEN Lijun1,　XING Jing2
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2009, 47(04):  98-100. 
    Abstract ( 976 )   PDF (361KB) ( 173 )   Save
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    To investigate expressions of hypoxiainducible factor1α and Endoglin in the placenta and the serum soluble endoglin in preeclampsia. MethodsExpressions of HIF1α and Endoglin in the placenta collected from 40 pregnant women with preeclampsia（including mild and severe preeclampsia）and 20 normal pregnant women were determined by immunohistochemistry. The level of soluble endoglin in the serum was detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. Results①Expressions of HIF1α and Endoglin protein in preeclampsia placenta were significantly higher than those in normal placenta (P<0.01), and were higher in the severe group than those in the mild group (P<0.01). ② The level of sEng in the serum of the preeclampsia group was significantly higher than that of the controls (P＜0.01) and was higher in the severe group than in the mild group(P<0.01). ③In the preeclampsia group, HIF1α expression in the placenta was positively correlated with expression of Endoglin in the placenta(r=0.686) and in the serum level（r=0.866). ConclusionAbnormal excess expression of HIF1α in the placenta may induce high expression of Endoglin in the placenta and sEng in the serum, which may be involved in the pathophysiological processes of preeclampsia.
    Expressions of programmed cell death 4 and
    Ki67 in granuloma fungoides
    YU Shuping1， MA Chunhu2， WANG Yukun1
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2009, 47(04):  104-104. 
    Abstract ( 1139 )   PDF (642KB) ( 139 )   Save
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    To explore the expressions of Programmed Cell Dead Factor4 and Ki67 in the skin infiltrates of patients with granuloma fungoides(MF) in different stages. MethodsParaffin sections were divided into three groups: the patch/plaque stage group(n=21), the tumor stage group(n=6), and the control group(n=5).　The immunohistochemical Envision method was used to determine expressions of PDCD4 and Ki67 per section． Results①There was no significant difference in the number of PDCD4+ cells in the epidermis between the patch/plaque stage and control groups (P>0.05), while the number of PDCD4+ cells in the dermis was significantly lower than that in the control group(P<0.05). The number of PDCD4+ cells in both the epidermis and dermis of the tumor stage group was significantly lower than in the patch/plaque stage and control groups (P<0.05). ② There was no significant difference in the number of Ki67+ cells in the epidermis in the three groups(P>0.05).　The number of Ki67+ cells in dermis of both the patch/plaque stage and the tumor stage groups were significantly higher than the control group (P<0.05), while the number of Ki67+ cells of the tumor stage group was significantly higher than that of the patch/plaque stage group (P<0.05). ③There was no correlation between expression of PDCD4 and that of Ki67 in the epidermis or dermis (P>0.05). ConclusionsDecreased PDCD4 expression in both the epidermis and dermis and increased Ki67 expression in the dermis from patch/plaque stage to tumor stage MF suggest that the incidence and development of MF may be related to the decrease or deficiency of PDCD4 expression.

    Postoperative concurrent chemoradiotherapy for squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck
    ZHANG Hao， HAN Junqing， YANG Zhe， MU Xueru， ZHAO Hongli， WANG Peng
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2009, 47(04):  105-108. 
    Abstract ( 1130 )   PDF (342KB) ( 251 )   Save
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    To evaluate the clinical efficacy of concurrent chemoradiotherapy for local advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. MethodsAfter surgeries，146 patients with advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck were randomly divided into two groups: the observation group with 73 patients and the control group with 73 patients. The observation group received (2Gy per fraction， 5 fractions per week with a total dose of 50Gy) and concurrent chemotherapy（cisplatin 15?mg/m2 per week）and the control group received only radiotherapy. ResultsIn the observation and control groups, the twoyear locoregional control rate was 79% and 64% respectively（P=0.042）; the 3year diseasefree survival rate was 49% and 33% respectively（P=0.043）; the 3year overall survival rate was 61% and 49% respectively（P=0.134）; the 3year locoregional recurrence rate was 21% and 35% respectively（P=0.042）; the 3year distant metastasis rate was 23% and 27% respectively（P=0.568）; and the incidence rate of haemopoietic of grade 3 or greater was 38％ and 15％ respectively (P＜0.001); the incidence rate of acute mucosa damage of grade 3 or greater was 55％ and 29％ respectively (P＜0.001). ConclusionPostoperative concurrent chemoradiotherapy is more efficacious than postoperative concurrent radiotherapy only，but it has no effect in improving the overall survival rate and distant metastasis rate.

    Expressions of EGFR, NM23 and BCL2 in hypopharyngeal cancer and their clinical significance　
    YANG Qiuan1,　YANG Jinxia1,　FU Weijiang1,　ZHANG Tingguo2,　WANG Yan2,　LIU Wenjun2,　ZHANG Xiaomei1,　ZHAO Weiping1
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2009, 47(04):  109-113. 
    Abstract ( 1104 )   PDF (495KB) ( 146 )   Save
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    To investigate expressions of EGFR, NM23 and Bcl2 in hypopharyngeal cancer and their correlation with clinicopathological risks. MethodsExpressions EGFR, NM23 and Bcl2 in 29 cases of hypopharyngeal cancer were determined with an immunohistochemical SP method. ResultsExpressions of EGFR, NM23 and Bcl2 in hypopharyngeal cancer were 62% (18/29), 79% (23/29) and 86% (25/29) respectively. The EGFR level in poorly differentiated cancer was significantly higher than that in well or moderately differentiated cancer (P=0.021), and the EGFR level in the group with unilateral and bilateral lymph node metastases was significantly higher than that in the group without lymph node metastases (P=0.018). However, expressions of NM23 and Bcl2 had no correlation with clinicopathological changes. ConclusionExpression of EFGR is correlated with pathological differentiation and lymph node metastasis, and EFGR may be a potential biomarker for assessing hypopharyngeal cancer. NM23 and Bcl2 need to be further warranted.
    Metformin in the treatment of patients with newly diagnosed
    type 2 diabetes and impaired glucose tolerance
    CHEN Danling1,　MI Nianrong1, WANG Shufang2
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2009, 47(04):  114-116. 
    Abstract ( 1178 )   PDF (270KB) ( 31 )   Save
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    To investigate the curative effect of Metformin on patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and impaired glucose tolerance (IGT). MethodsPlasma glucose, HbA1c, blood lipid, blood pressure, body mass index (BMI), waist hip ratio (WHR), uric acid (UA), plasma adiponectin and visfatin levels were detected in 30 cases of T2DM or IGT and 30 healthy subjects. The T2DM group and IGT groups were given a rational diet and appropriate exercises while 1?500?mg/d metformin was administrated lasting for 1 year. Changes of the above indexes before and after treatment were detected. Plasma adiponectin and visfatin levels were assayed by ELISA. Blood total cholesterol(TC), triglyceride, highdensity lipoprotein cholesterol(HDLc), lowdensity lipoprotein cholesterol(LDLc), and UA were detected by automatic biochemical apparatus. Fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and 2?h plasma glucose (2hPG) were assayed by the glucose oxidase method. HbA1c was determined by the high pressure lipid phase method. ResultsCompared with the controls, BMI, TC, FPG, 2hPG and HbA1c were significantly higher in T2DM and IGT patients（P＜0.01 or P＜0.05）, while adiponectin and visfatin levels were significantly lower（P＜0.01, P＜0.05）. In the IGT group, BMI, WHR, LDLc, TC, FPG, and 2hPG were significantly reduced after treatment（P＜0.01 or P＜0.05）. In the T2DM group, BMI, WHR, TC, FPG, 2HPG, and HbA1c were also significantly lower than
    Effects of integrated intervention measurements on neural tube
    defects in Chinese women of childbearing age
    HAO Lianzheng, LI Hui, WANG Zhiping, ZHAO Zhongtang
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2009, 47(04):  117-121. 
    Abstract ( 1068 )   PDF (284KB) ( 189 )   Save
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    To estimate the effects of integrated measures on reducing the risks of neural tube defects in Chinese women of childbearing age. MethodsOn the basis of all the relative studies collected, twelve studies with a total of 381561 subjects accepted the interventions。 Intervention areas were divided into two parts: the northern areas and the southern areas. The combined values were evaluated. First, the Woolf method was used for the homogeneity test. If analysis results are homogenous, the Peto method was used to evaluate the combined value, otherwise the DL method was used. Results① Results of the twelve studies were heterogeneous (Q=20443?6, P＜005) and the DL method was applied to evaluate the combined value. RR(relative risk) was 05565 and its 95％CI(95％ Confidence Interval) was 0544?6 to 0568?7, and PR(protective rate) was 4435％. ② Results of the two studies in the southern areas were homogenous (Q=0068?4,P＞005). RR(95％CI)was 0673?5(0576?7 to 0786?5) and PRwas 3265％. Results of the ten studies in the northern areas were homogenous (Q=16553?8, P＞005). RR(95％CI)was 0513?1(0428?3 to 0614?6)and PR　was 4869％. ConclusionRisks of NTDs were reduced after putting integrated intervention measurements on women of childbearing age, but the whole protective rate did not reach the expectation. The protective rate in the northern areas was better than that in the southern areas. Integrated intervention measurements should be improved in order to make them work more effectively.
    Risk factors of cervical cancer in Shandong Province:
    a casecontrol study
    KAN Shifeng1,　LU Xin2,　WANG Chuanxin1,　ZHENG Guixi1,　LI Wei1,　ZHANG Xiao1
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2009, 47(04):  122-124. 
    Abstract ( 1121 )   PDF (251KB) ( 111 )   Save
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    To investigate risk factors of cervical cancer in Shandong Province and to provide a scientific basis for monitoring and preventing this disease. MethodsA 1:2 matched casecontrol study including 893 cases with cervical cancer and 1786 controls was carried out in Shandong Province. Data were analyzed with conditional logistic regression. ResultsBased on monovariate analysis results, multivariate logistic analysis was used. HPV16 infection, HPV52 infection, smoking, age of first intercourse, number of sexual partners, number of induced abortions, spouse with penile cancer or prostatic cancer, postmenopause, and condom usage were selected into the module. The OR value respectively was 28.256, 10.164, 2.946, 0.507, 4.529, 4.012, 4.211, 1.312, 0.507 and 0.612. ConclusionHPV16 and HPV52 infection play important roles in the development of cervical cancer in Shandong Province. Young age at first intercourse, larger number of sexual partners, larger number of induced abortion, smoking and spouse with penile cancer or prostatic cancer are risk factors of cervical cancer. However, postmenopause and condom use are protective factors against cervical cancer.
    Effects of mutations at the E2 protein leucine
    sites on specific membrane fusion in rubella virus
    WU Bing1, LIU Xiaoli1, WANG Zhiyu1,2
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2009, 47(04):  125-128. 
    Abstract ( 1071 )   PDF (626KB) ( 217 )   Save
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    To explore the effects of mutations at the E2 protein leucine sites on specific membrane fusion in rubella virus (RV). MethodsNine leucine sites were chosen from E2 protein, and sitedirected mutagenesis was used to obtain corresponding mutants. All mutants and wild type proteins were expressed in BHK21 cells and treated with acid media to induce specific cell fusions. Expression efficiencies of mutant proteins on cell surfaces were quantified with fluorescenceactivated cell sorter (FACS). The fusion functions were separately assayed with Giemsa staining and a reporter gene method for qualitative and quantitative analysis. Hemadsorption assays were performed to qualitatively and quantitatively detect binding activity of mutant proteins. ResultsThe FACS indicated that expression efficiencies of all mutant proteins except for L144A and L225A were lower than those of the wild type proteins. When effects of lower cell surface expression efficiencies were eliminated, the cell fusion activities of all mutant proteins were lower than those of wild type proteins, especially those of mutants L58A, L105A, L128A and L144A. Hemadsorption assays demonstrated that binding abilities of mutants L58A, L105A, L128A and L144A were decreased, but those of the other five mutant proteins were almost the same as wild type proteins. ConclusionThe L58L144 region in E2 protein is important for specific membrane fusion.
    Passive smoking of adults: a research survey
    LI Feifei1, SUN Tong2, LIU Yanxun1, Hou Jia xiang2
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2009, 47(04):  129-132. 
    Abstract ( 1121 )   PDF (252KB) ( 153 )   Save
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    To investigate information of passive smoking in adults and to provide a basis for establishing smokingcontrol measures. MethodsA crosssectional survey method was employed in 543 adults in Jinan, Liaocheng, and Pingyin in Shandong Province. 397 of them were nonsmokers. ResultsThe passive smoking rate was 426％ in nonsmokers, the male passive smoking rate was 524％ while the female rate was 478％. 597％ of the nonsmokers had initiatively rejected smoker smoking. Male, indoor working, not initiatively refusing passive smoking and not soliciting others′ agreements before smoking were risk factors of passive smoking. ConclusionsThe passive smoking rate is high. Adults have not enough knowledge about the harm of passive smoking and their attitudes towards absolutely forbidding smoking are unbalanced in different public places. It is necessary to strengthen the propaganda about smokingcontrol in public and to reinforce the enforcement of forbidding smoking in public places, so as to reduce tobacco exposure and strengthen the protection of nonsmokers.
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